In so far as it is associated with declining fertility and increasing mortality, senescence is
directly detrimental to reproductive success. Natural selection should therefore act in the …

This review reports on the processes associated with costs of reproduction, including some
theoretical considerations, definitions and methodological aspects, followed by a list of the …

Lifetime reproductive success of individuals in a natural population provides an estimate of
Darwinian fitness. We calculated lifetime reproductive success in a colony of female …

Oogenesis in fishes follows a universal plan; yet, due to differences in the synchrony and
rate of egg development, spawning frequency varies from daily to once in a lifetime. Some …

There are many different types of organisms in the world: they differ in size, physiology,
appearance, and life history. The challenge for evolutionary biology is to explain how such …

Trade-offs represent the costs paid in the currency of fitness when a beneficial change in
one trait is linked to a detrimental change in another. If there were no trade-offs, then …

Brian Charlesworth This book represents the first attempt to review the subject of age-
structured populations. The topics discussed include demography and ecological dynamics …

This chapter presents a step by step estimation of factors involved in energy requirements
for pregnancy and lactation. Among domestic ruminants, energy requirements for pregnancy …

" This book is well worth buying for its detailed summaries of the 25 studies, many of which
are classic long-term projects, and for its insights into the factors determining reproductive …

The cost of reproduction is a key parameter determining a species' life history strategy.
Despite exhibiting some of the fastest offspring growth rates among mammals, the cost of …