The heat-shock response is a mechanism of cellular protection against sudden adverse
environmental growth conditions and results in the prompt production of various heat-shock …

The RpoE σ factor is essential for the viability of Escherichia coli. RpoE regulates
extracytoplasmic functions including lipopolysaccharide (LPS) translocation and some of its …

In bacteria, selective promoter recognition by RNA polymerase is achieved by its association
with σ factors, accessory subunits able to direct RNA polymerase “core enzyme”(E) to …

Gram-negative bacteria have effective methods of excluding toxic compounds, including a
largely impermeable outer membrane (OM) and a range of efflux pumps. Furthermore, when …

Expression of bacterial genes takes place under the control of RNA polymerase with
exchangeable σ-subunits and multiple transcription factors. A typical promoter region …

Background The increasing number of infections caused by strains of Klebsiella
pneumoniae that are resistant to multiple antibiotics has developed into a major medical …

Alternative sigma factors enable bacteria to change the promoter specificity of the core RNA
polymerase to enable the expression of genes that give them advantages in particular …

The mechanism of heat shock response of Escherichia coli can be explored to program
novel biological functions. In this study, the strongest heat shock promoters were identified …

Xylenes are considered one of the most common hazardous sources of environmental
contamination. The biodegradation of these compounds has been often reported, rarer the …

Xanthomonas campestris pv. campestris is an epiphytic bacterium that can become a
vascular pathogen responsible for black rot disease of crucifers. To adapt gene expression …