This article presents a review of the research into gas stirring in ladle metallurgy carried out
over the past few decades. Herein, the physical modeling experiments are divided into four …

Hot metal desulfurization serves as the main unit process for removing sulfur in blast‐
furnace based steelmaking. The available body of literature on modeling hot metal …

The purpose of this work is to focus on the hydrodynamics of a Top-Submerged-Lance (TSL)
smelting furnace, understanding how liquid properties and operational parameters act on …

A 1: 8 physical water model was constructed to investigate the fluid flow and mixing
phenomena in the basic oxygen furnace (BOF) converter. The particle image velocimetry …

Steelmaking involves high-temperature processing. At high temperatures mass transport is
usually the rate limiting step. In steelmaking there are several mass transport phenomena …

This study presents a new approach for RH degasser for desulfurization purposes. The
modified RH has a short down leg length, so the steel flowing through this leg is discharged …

The complete separation of hot metal from slag is expected in the main trough of a blast
furnace. However, in practice slag may take some hot metals away when it goes through the …

This study explores the underlying mechanism between secondary refining efficiency, gas
flow rate, and slag properties. The secondary refining efficiency is directly affected by the …

Mixing phenomena in metallurgical steel ladles by bottom gas injection involves three
phases namely, liquid molten steel, liquid slag and gaseous argon. In order to numerically …

Numerical simulation is a vital tool for the continuous improvement of all steelmaking
processes. In previous works, the authors have dedicated different approaches to optimize …