Amino acid metabolism is a critical regulator of the immune response, and its modulating
becomes a promising approach in various forms of immunotherapy. Insufficient …

The leishmaniases are diseases caused by pathogenic protozoan parasites of the genus
Leishmania. Infections are initiated when a sand fly vector inoculates Leishmania parasites …

The classical view of the Th1/Th2 paradigm posits that the pathogen nature, infectious cycle,
and persistence represent key parameters controlling the choice of effector mechanisms …

Macrophages are innate immune cells with well-established roles in the primary response to
pathogens, but also in tissue homeostasis, coordination of the adaptive immune response …

The complicated interactions between Leishmania and the host antigen-presenting cells
(APCs) have fundamental effects on the final outcome of the disease. Two major APCs …

Leishmania are protozoan parasites that predominantly reside in myeloid cells within their
mammalian hosts. Monocytes and macrophages play a central role in the pathogenesis of …

Arginine is a crucial amino acid that serves to modulate the cellular immune response
during infection. Arginine is also a common substrate for both inducible nitric oxide synthase …

Polyamine biosynthesis enzymes are promising drug targets for the treatment of
leishmaniasis, Chagas' disease and African slee** sickness. Arginase, which is a …

Protozoan parasites belonging to the genus Leishmania exhibit a pronounced tropism for
macrophages although they have the capacity to infect a variety of other phagocytic and non …

Highlights•Arginine as an energy source in the host and pathogen.•Arginine-dependent NO
production.•Modulation of arginine metabolism—strategy for immune evasion by …