Biointerfaces mediate safe and efficient cell manipulation, which is essential for biomedical
innovations in advanced therapies and diagnostics. The biointerface established by vertical …

Transdermal administration remains an active research and development area as an
alternative route for long-acting drug delivery. It avoids major drawbacks of conventional oral …

Transdermal drug delivery systems (TDDs) avoid gastrointestinal degradation and hepatic
first-pass metabolism, providing good drug bioavailability and patient compliance. One …

Micro/nanomaterials are widely used in optoelectronics, environmental materials,
bioimaging, agricultural industries, and drug delivery owing to their marvelous features, such …

Chimeric antigen receptor (CAR)‐T cell therapy has emerged as a promising cell‐based
immunotherapy approach for treating blood disorders and cancers, but genetically …

The core of the drug research and screening processes is predicting the effect of drugs prior
to human clinical trials. Due to the 2D cell culture and animal models' poor predictability, the …

In recent years, microneedles (MNs) have emerged as a promising alternative to traditional
drug delivery systems in transdermal drug delivery. The use of MNs has demonstrated …

Background Despite its popularity, acceptability, and convenience, the oral route is not the
classical route for the administration of all critical bioactives including lipophilic drugs …

The recent development of RNA‐based therapeutics in delivering nucleic acids for gene
editing and regulating protein translation has led to the effective treatment of various …

Background Nanoinjection—the process of intracellular delivery using vertically configured
nanostructures—is a physical route that efficiently negotiates the plasma membrane, with …