Petroleum hydrocarbon compounds are persistent organic pollutants, which can cause
permanent damage to ecosystems due to their biomagnification. Bioremediation of oil is …

The global use of petroleum hydrocarbons for energy and raw materials in various
applications has increased with extensive release of a wide variety of contaminants into the …

Increased industrialization led to a large amount of wastewater being generated. Heavy
metals (HMs), especially mercury, are one of the toxic and harmful contaminants in …

A crude oil spill is a common issue during offshore oil drilling, transport and transfer to
onshore. Second, the production of petroleum refinery effluent is known to cause pollution …

Petroleum hydrocarbons (PHCs) are one of the most widespread and heterogeneous
organic contaminants affecting marine ecosystems. The contamination of marine sediments …

Global environmental pollutants are becoming intense because of the increasing human
population, urbanisation, and industrialisation. Human health and the ecosystem are …

Petroleum is the most common global fossil fuel. It is a complex multi-component system
mainly composed of various hydrocarbons such as alkanes, cycloalkanes, mono-, bi-and …

Organic pollution of the environment is a serious issue that affects the planet's soil, water,
and air, posing a significant threat to ecosystems and living organisms. Bioremediation has …

Aromatic compounds have received widespread attention because of their threat to
ecosystem and human health. However, traditional physical and chemical methods are …

The marine environment is often affected by petroleum hydrocarbon pollution due to
industrial activities and petroleum accidents. This pollution has recalcitrant and persistent …