Panic anxiety, dyspnea, and respiratory disease. Theoretical and clinical considerations.

JW Smoller, MH Pollack, MW Otto… - American journal of …, 1996 - atsjournals.org
There is intriguing evidence suggesting pathophysiologic relationships among dyspnea,
hyperventilation, and panic anxiety. The symptoms of panic attacks and pulmonary disease …

Carbon dioxide hypersensitivity, hyperventilation, and panic disorder.

LA Papp, DF Klein, JM Gorman - The American journal of psychiatry, 1993 - europepmc.org
Objective The purpose of this article is to offer a comprehensive, data-based explanation of
the relationship between hyperventilation and panic disorder linking CO2 hypersensitivity …

The effects of acceptance versus suppression of emotion on subjective and psychophysiological response to carbon dioxide challenge in patients with panic disorder

JT Levitt, TA Brown, SM Orsillo, DH Barlow - Behavior therapy, 2004 - Elsevier
The effects of acceptance versus suppression of emotion were examined in 60 patients with
panic disorder. Prior to undergoing a 15-minute 5.5% carbon dioxide challenge, participants …

Respiratory psychophysiology of panic disorder: three respiratory challenges in 98 subjects

LA Papp, JM Martinez, DF Klein… - American Journal of …, 1997 - Am Psychiatric Assoc
OBJECTIVE: Respiratory abnormalities may play a central role in the pathophysiology of
panic disorder. The current study was undertaken to examine the respiratory response in the …

A review of psychological factors/processes affecting anxious responding during voluntary hyperventilation and inhalations of carbon dioxide-enriched air

MJ Zvolensky, GH Eifert - Clinical Psychology Review, 2001 - Elsevier
Despite advances in our understanding of the nature of anxiety-related responding during
periods of elevated bodily arousal, it is not necessarily evident by what psychological …

Hyperventilation in panic disorder and asthma: empirical evidence and clinical strategies

AE Meuret, T Ritz - International Journal of Psychophysiology, 2010 - Elsevier
Sustained or spontaneous hyperventilation has been associated with a variety of physical
symptoms and has been linked to a number of organic illnesses and mental disorders …

Cerebrovascular reactivity measured by functional magnetic resonance imaging during breath-hold challenge: a systematic review

AL Urback, BJ MacIntosh, BI Goldstein - Neuroscience & Biobehavioral …, 2017 - Elsevier
Cerebrovascular reactivity (CVR) is the cerebral hemodynamic response to a vasoactive
substance. Breath-hold (BH) induced CVR has the advantage of being non-invasive and …

Panic disorder and control of breathing

AE Nardi, RC Freire, WA Zin - Respiratory physiology & neurobiology, 2009 - Elsevier
Anxiety disorders, particularly panic disorder (PD), are associated with respiratory
abnormalities. PD consists of unexpected panic attacks (PA) with anxiety, fear and many …

Behavioral and cardiovascular effects of 7.5% CO2 in human volunteers

JE Bailey, SV Argyropoulos, AH Kendrick… - Depression and …, 2005 - Wiley Online Library
The study of carbon dioxide (CO2) inhalation in psychiatry has a long and varied history,
with recent interest in using inhaled CO2 as an experimental tool to explore the …

Physiological changes during carbon dioxide inhalation in patients with panic disorder, major depression, and premenstrual dysphoric disorder: evidence for a central …

JM Gorman, J Kent, J Martinez, S Browne… - Archives of general …, 2001 - jamanetwork.com
Background Inhalation of carbon dioxide (CO 2) has been shown to produce more anxiety in
patients with panic disorder (PD) than in healthy comparison subjects or patients with most …