Horizontal gene transfer (HGT) is arguably the most conspicuous feature of bacterial
evolution. Evidence for HGT is found in most bacterial genomes. Although HGT can …

Most bacteria attach to biotic or abiotic surfaces and are embedded in a complex matrix
which is known as biofilm. Biofilm formation is especially worrisome in clinical settings as it …

Antimicrobial-resistant ESKAPE (E nterococcus faecium, S taphylococcus aureus, K
lebsiella pneumoniae, A cinetobacter baumannii, P seudomonas aeruginosa, and E …

It is well established that plasmids play an important role in the dissemination of
antimicrobial resistance (AMR) genes; however, little is known about the role of the …

Mobile genetic elements are key to the evolution of bacteria and traits that affect host and
ecosystem health. Here, we use a framework of a hierarchical and modular system that …

Antibiotics are powerful drugs used in the treatment of bacterial infections. The inappropriate
use of these medicines has driven the dissemination of antibiotic resistance (AR) in most …

Abstract ICEberg 2.0 (http://db-mml. sjtu. edu. cn/ICEberg/) is an updated database that
provides comprehensive information about bacterial integrative and conjugative elements …

Phages and plasmids are regarded as distinct types of mobile genetic elements that drive
bacterial evolution by horizontal gene transfer. However, the distinction between both types …

Conjugation drives the horizontal transfer of adaptive traits across prokaryotes. One-fourth of
the plasmids encode the functions necessary to conjugate autonomously, the others being …

Horizontal gene transfer plays a major role in microbial evolution, allowing microbes to
acquire new genes and phenotypes. Integrative and conjugative elements (ICEs, aka …