Many pathogens that cause chronic diseases in birds use the respiratory tract as a primary
route of infection, and respiratory disorders are the main leading source of financial losses in …

The avian gamma-coronavirus infectious bronchitis virus (AvCoV, IBV; Coronaviridae family)
causes upper respiratory disease associated with severe economic losses in the poultry …

The coronavirus family (Coronaviridae) is a positive-sense single-stranded RNA, with a size
of 27 kb. These viruses have a potential species specificity and interspecies transmission …

Infectious bronchitis virus (IBV) initially establishes the infection in the respiratory tract and
then spreads to other tissues depending on its virulence. During 2011–2018, the 4/91 IBV …

Background Infectious bronchitis virus (IBV) is one of the leading causes of mortality and
morbidity in chickens. There are numerous serotypes and variants, which do not confer …

Avian infectious bronchitis (IB) is among the major viral respiratory and reproductive
diseases of chickens caused by Avian coronavirus. In the African continent, IB was first …

The COVID‐19 pandemic emphasizes the significance of studying coronaviruses (CoVs).
This study investigates the evolutionary patterns of 350 CoVs using four structural proteins …

Gammacoronavirus infectious bronchitis virus (IBV) causes an economically important
respiratory disease of poultry. Protective immunity is associated with the major structural …

Avian infectious bronchitis virus (AIBV) infection remains one of the significant challenges for
the poultry industry due to the high rates of morbidity, mortality, and poor production …

Infectious bronchitis (IB) virus (IBV) is a very dynamic and evolving virus, causing severe
diseases in poultry with significant economic consequences to the poultry industry …