Liquid crystal elastomers (LCEs), owing to their intrinsic anisotropic property and capability
of generating programmable complex morphologies under heat, have been widely used for …

Owing to their unique properties, hybrid organic–inorganic (HOI) materials with a variety of
spatial architectures have emerged as potential candidates for state-of-the-art applications …

Reprogrammable magneto-responsive soft actuators capable of working in enclosed and
confined spaces and adapting functions under changing situations are highly demanded for …

Shape memory polymers (SMPs) represent a highly interesting class of materials. As one
representative of the intelligent polymeric systems, these materials gained significant …

Self-oscillation is to draw energy from a stable external environment to maintain its own
continuous motion, making it a highly relevant concept for intelligent materials, soft robots …

Liquid crystal elastomers (LCEs) are a unique class of materials which combine rubber
elasticity with the orientational order of liquid crystals. This combination can lead to materials …

Hydrogels actuators (HAs) that can reversibly respond to stimuli have applications in diverse
fields. However, faster response rates and improved control over actuation timing and …

Self-oscillating coupled systems possess the ability to actively absorb external
environmental energy to sustain their motion. This quality endows them with autonomy and …

Deformable and movable flexible circuits are characterized by simple construction, precise
control, flexible and versatile morphology, and various functional forms, which can be used …

The benefits of self-excited motion include the capacity to draw energy directly from the
external environment, as well as autonomy and portability, and the creation of additional self …