This paper provides a review on three streams of life cycle studies that have been frequently
applied to evaluate the environmental impacts of building construction with a major focus on …

Street canyons are generally highly polluted urban environments due to high traffic
emissions and impeded dispersion. Green infrastructure (GI) is one potential passive control …

Buildings account for a significant proportion of global energy demand, which is testament to
population growth and changes to life patterns. Experts in energy studies have continued to …

The population explosion continually witnessed in urban areas results in more impenetrable
surfaces like built structures and roads. Rapid urbanization increases air temperature and …

The building sector accounts for approximately 40% of total global energy usage. Energy
consumption for space heating and cooling makes up 60% of the total consumed energy in …

Vertical greening systems represent an emerging field in technology and research since
they are traded as promising measure to encounter the negative impacts of climate change …

Large-scale concrete 3D printing and digital construction has brought enormous potential to
expand the design space of building components (eg, building envelope) for the integration …

Expansion of modern cities reduces green areas, especially within city centres where the
urban heat island has become a significant problem. In an attempt to increase greenery in …

Currently, several façade systems exist to enable sustainable building design. The biggest
challenges for façade designers are to identify new technology and effective, sustainable …

Urban development is causing environmental and social concerns that are compromising
human welfare and the sustainability of cities. New urban greening concepts are being …