Cancer development and its response to therapy are regulated by inflammation, which
either promotes or suppresses tumor progression, potentially displaying opposing effects on …

Dying mammalian cells emit numerous signals that interact with the host to dictate the
immunological correlates of cellular stress and death. In the absence of reactive antigenic …

In recent years, immunotherapy represented by immune checkpoint inhibitors (ICIs) has led
to unprecedented breakthroughs in cancer treatment. However, the fact that many tumors …

Myeloid-derived suppressor cells (MDSCs) are pathologically activated neutrophils and
monocytes with potent immunosuppressive activity. They are implicated in the regulation of …

Immune checkpoint blockade, which blocks inhibitory signals of T cell activation, has shown
tremendous success in treating cancer, although success still remains limited to a fraction of …

Tumor microenvironment denotes the non-cancerous cells and components presented in
the tumor, including molecules produced and released by them. The constant interactions …

The cancer-immunity cycle provides a framework to understand the series of events that
generate anti-cancer immune responses. It emphasizes the iterative nature of the response …

The clinical successes in immunotherapy have been both astounding and at the same time
unsatisfactory. Countless patients with varied tumor types have seen pronounced clinical …

Globally, colorectal cancer (CRC) is the third most commonly diagnosed malignancy and the
second leading cause of cancer death. Arising through three major pathways, including …

Accumulating evidence shows that cellular and acellular components in tumor
microenvironment (TME) can reprogram tumor initiation, growth, invasion, metastasis, and …