The cytoplasm of bacterial cells is a highly crowded cellular compartment that possesses
considerable osmotic potential. As a result, and owing to the semipermeable nature of the …

Fluctuations in environmental osmolarity are ubiquitous stress factors in many natural
habitats of microorganisms, as they inevitably trigger osmotically instigated fluxes of water …

Abstract Development of hyperproducing strains is important for biomanufacturing of
biochemicals and biofuels but requires extensive efforts to engineer cellular metabolism and …

Macromolecular crowding affects the mobility of biomolecules, protein folding and stability,
and the association of macromolecules with each other. Local differences in crowding that …

Bacteria inhabit natural and artificial environments with diverse and fluctuating osmolalities,
salinities and temperatures. Many maintain cytoplasmic hydration, growth and survival most …

To thrive, cells must control their own physical and chemical properties. This process is
known as cellular homeostasis. The dilute solutions traditionally favored by experimenters …

The availability of water is the most important prerequisite for life of any living cell, and
exposure of cells to hypersaline conditions always threatens the cells with a drastic loss of …

Cells control their own hydration by accumulating solutes when they are exposed to high
osmolality media and releasing solutes in response to osmotic down-shocks. Osmosensory …

By using natural-abundance 13C-nuclear magnetic resonance spectroscopy and high-
performance liquid chromatography (HPLC) analysis we have investigated the types of …

ABSTRACT Streptomyces coelicolor A3 (2) synthesizes ectoine and 5-hydroxyectoine upon
the imposition of either salt (0.5 M NaCl) or heat stress (39° C). The cells produced the …