Sleep is a complex physiological process and is a critical determinant of physical and
mental health. In the past decades, significant progress has been made in understanding …

Abstract Exposure to Artificial Light At Night (ALAN) results in a disruption of the circadian
system, which is deleterious to health. In industrialized countries, 75% of the total workforce …

This review summarizes the brain mechanisms controlling sleep and wakefulness.
Wakefulness promoting systems cause low-voltage, fast activity in the …

Wakefulness and vigilance levels are required for maintaining purposeful activities and
motivated behaviours, which are often triggered by sensory information conveying external …

Current treatments for depression are inadequate for many individuals, and progress in
understanding the neurobiology of depression is slow. Several promising hypotheses of …

The CLOCK transcription factor is a key component of the molecular circadian clock within
pacemaker neurons of the hypothalamic suprachiasmatic nucleus. We found that …

Abstract Background The history of African indigenous cattle and their adaptation to
environmental and human selection pressure is at the root of their remarkable diversity …

Histamine is a transmitter in the nervous system and a signaling molecule in the gut, the
skin, and the immune system. Histaminergic neurons in mammalian brain are located …

Sleep and wakefulness are regulated to occur at appropriate times that are in accordance
with our internal and external environments. Avoiding danger and finding food, which are life …

Orexins (hypocretins) are a pair of neuropeptides implicated in energy homeostasis and
arousal. Recent reports suggest that loss of orexin-containing neurons occurs in human …