Most cycads have intimate associations with their insect pollinators that parallel those of well‐
known flowering plants, such as sexually deceptive orchids and the male wasps and bees …

Beetles (Coleoptera) are a diverse group of overlooked pollinators, considered particularly
important in tropical ecosystems. The role of the most diverse beetle family, Staphylinidae …

Mimicry is a classic example of adaptation through natural selection. The traditional focus of
mimicry research has been on defence in animals, but there is now also a highly-developed …

The causes of the rapid diversification and extraordinary richness of flowering plants
(angiosperms) relative to other plant clades is a long-standing mystery. Angiosperms are …

Within modern gymnosperms, conifers and Ginkgo are exclusively wind pollinated whereas
many gnetaleans and cycads are insect pollinated. For cycads, thrips are specialized …

The Cycadales are an ancient and charismatic group of seed plants. However, their
morphological evolution in deep time is poorly understood. While molecular divergence time …

Despite the crucial importance of flower-visiting insects in modern ecosystems, there is little
fossil evidence on the origins of angiosperm pollination. Most reports of pollination in the …

Many plant species attract insect pollinators through chemical mimicry of their oviposition
sites, often detaining them in a trap chamber that ensures pollen transfer. These plant …

Transitions from wind pollination to insect pollination were pivotal to the radiation of land
plants, yet only a handful are known and the trait shifts required are poorly understood. We …

The aim of this study was to update figures for the presence of dioecy among the
gymnosperms and investigate its correlation with climate, growth form, pollination and seed …