Abstract Background Climate change in Sub-Saharan Africa has had a negative impact on
agricultural production leading to food insecurity. Climate-smart agricultural (CSA) practices …

Abstract Most sub-Saharan Africa smallholder farming systems are highly heterogeneous.
Direct quantification of greenhouse gas emissions from these farming systems is hampered …

Yield gaps of maize (Zea mays L.) in the smallholder farms of eastern India are outcomes of
a complex interplay of climatic variations, soil fertility gradients, socio-economic factors, and …

Conservation Agriculture (CA) is actively promoted as an alternative farming system that
combines environmental, economic, and social sustainability. Three pillars define CA:(i) …

The design and diffusion of context-specific technologies is centrally important in the multi-
dimensional, complex farming systems in arid and semi-arid regions. This paper uses a …

Crop diversification is one of the most important risk management and income enhancing
strategies for farmers. The study investigates the pattern, trend, and factors influencing crop …

In Kyrgyzstan, most farming systems focus on animal husbandry, which depends on
mixtures of crops and pastures around settlements and higher-elevation summer pastures …

Ethiopian farmers face a combination of risks in agricultural production during a single crop
season. However, cumulative incidence assessment of the risks in the agriculture was not …

The highly heterogeneous and complex farm holdings operated by the smallholders in
develo** countries are often deprived of optimum production and profitability. The farming …

Decision Support Tools (DSTs) in agriculture have been widely developed but have not
been well accepted by smallholder farmers. One reason for the limited use is that the tools …