Underground mine fires are associated with thermal and non-thermal hazards. Thermal
hazards are primarily characterized by the release of heat into the underground confined …

This paper is concerned with the representation of building users in simulation applications
that explore buildings' energy and indoor environmental performance. In recent years, efforts …

In this paper, authors mainly study the laws of safe evacuation time based on reinforcement
learning when fire breaks out in the immersed tunnel. In case of fire, time is life. When the …

People with disabilities are one of the most vulnerable groups involved in building fires.
According to the US Fire Administration, in the United States alone, an estimated 700 home …

This paper provides an overview of recent research efforts regarding the application of agent-
based modeling (ABM) of building occupants in the context of buildings' energy and indoor …

The earthquake which struck Eastern Japan in 2011 caused many casualties. The ratio of
the mode of evacuation in areas damaged by the earthquake varied depending on …

Evacuation models were developed to assist in any emergency evacuation. Despite many
evacuation models available, it focuses more on evacuation behavior and time. The different …

A reliable evacuation model plays an important role in building design, emergency systems,
and safety management. The cellular automata (CA) model, widely applied in simulating …

Underground mining environments present a complex interplay of thermal and non-thermal
hazards, with fires constituting a significant risk due to the release of heat smoke from …

Due to the increasing frequency of terrorist attacks all over the world, we designed an
emergency evacuation model under the situation of the terrorist attacks. This model uses the …