Kelps are ecologically important primary producers and ecosystem engineers, and play a
central role in structuring nearshore temperate habitats. They play an important role in …

The growing number of artificial structures in estuarine, coastal and marine environments is
causing “ocean sprawl”. Artificial structures do not only modify marine and coastal …

Seagrasses are important marine ecosystems situated throughout the world's coastlines.
They are facing declines around the world due to global and local threats such as rising …

Human population density within 100 km of the sea is approximately three times higher than
the global average. People in this zone are concentrated in coastal cities that are hubs for …

A central goal in ecology is to understand what maintains species diversity in local
communities. Classic ecological theory, posits that niches dictate the maximum number of …

Extensive development and construction in marine and coastal systems is driving a
phenomenon known as “ocean sprawl”. Ocean sprawl removes or transforms marine …

Increasing frequency of extreme weather events, driven by climate change, coupled with
growing population densities, have contributed to an increasing demand for coastal …

Habitat complexity has been considered a key driver of biodiversity and other ecological
phenomena for nearly a century. However, there is still no consensus over the definition of …

Artificial structures such as seawalls increasingly dominate marine urban environments. As
compared to natural rocky shore habitats, seawalls are usually flat, featureless, vertical …

Marine artificial structures often support lower native species diversity and more non-
indigenous species (NIS), but adding complex habitat and using bioreceptive materials have …