Increased osteoclast (OC) differentiation and activity is the critical event that results in bone
loss and joint destruction in common pathological bone conditions, such as osteoporosis …

TGF-β1 is a ubiquitous growth factor that is implicated in the control of proliferation,
migration, differentiation, and survival of many different cell types. It influences such diverse …

The past decade has seen an explosion in the field of bone biology. The area of bone
biology over this period of time has been marked by a number of key discoveries that have …

Immunology, already a discipline in its own right, has become a major part of many different
medical fields. However, its relationship to orthopedics and trauma surgery has …

The increasing use of orthopedic implants and, in particular, of hip and knee joint
replacements for young and active patients, has stimulated interest and concern regarding …

Bone is a mineralized and elastic connective tissue that provides fundamental functions in
the human body, including mechanical support to the muscles and joints, protection of vital …

Orthodontic tooth movement is achieved by the remodeling of periodontal ligament (PDL)
and alveolar bone in response to mechanical loading and is believed to be mediated by …

Our study indicates that recombinant adiponectin induced RANKL and inhibited OPG
expression in human osteoblasts through the AdipoR1/p38 MAPK pathway, and these …

Although it has long been recognized that inflammation, a consequence of immune‐driven
processes, significantly impacts bone turnover, the degree of centralization of skeletal and …

Alveolar bone remodeling in orthodontic tooth movement (OTM) is a highly regulated
process that coordinates bone resorption by osteoclasts and new bone formation by …