In the mammalian cerebral cortex neurons are arranged in specific layers and form
connections both within the cortex and with other brain regions, thus forming a complex …

Glutamate is the principal excitatory neurotransmitter in the mammalian central nervous
system (CNS). Glutamate is first synthesized in the cytoplasm of presynaptic terminals before …

Recent developments of sequencing-based spatial transcriptomics (sST) have catalyzed
important advancements by facilitating transcriptome-scale spatial gene expression …

Synapses are asymmetric cellular adhesions that are critical for nervous system
development and function, but the mechanisms that induce their formation are not well …

Astrocytes control excitatory synaptogenesis by secreting thrombospondins (TSPs), which
function via their neuronal receptor, the calcium channel subunit α2δ-1. α2δ-1 is a drug …

During cortical synaptic development, thalamic axons must establish synaptic connections
despite the presence of the more abundant intracortical projections. How thalamocortical …

Gestational exposure to environmental toxins and socioeconomic stressors is
epidemiologically linked to neurodevelopmental disorders with strong male bias, such as …

Input to apical dendritic tufts is now deemed crucial for associative learning, attention, and
similar “feedback” interactions in the cerebral cortex. Excitatory input to apical tufts in …

Dysfunction of medial prefrontal cortex (mPFC) in association with imbalance of inhibitory
and excitatory neurotransmission has been implicated in depression. However, the precise …

A dynamic interplay between intrinsic regional molecular cues and extrinsic factors from the
thalamus shape multiple features of early cortical development. It remains uncertain and …