The prevalence of autoimmune diseases (ADs) worldwide has rapidly increased over the
past few decades. Thus, in addition to the classical risk factors for ADs, such as genetic …

Immune tolerance deletes or suppresses autoreactive lymphocytes and is established at
multiple levels during the development, activation and effector phases of T and B cells …

The perturbations of the gut microbiota and metabolites are closely associated with the
progression of inflammatory bowel disease (IBD). However, inconsistent findings across …

Accumulating evidence suggests that cardiovascular disease (CVD) is associated with an
altered gut microbiome. Our understanding of the underlying mechanisms has been …

The gut microbiome, ie, the community of bacteria and other microorganisms living in the
human gut, has been implicated both directly and indirectly (mediating the effects of diet) on …

The many microbial communities around us form interactive and dynamic ecosystems called
microbiomes. Though concealed from the naked eye, microbiomes govern and influence …

Broad-spectrum antibiotics for suspected early-onset neonatal sepsis (sEONS) may have
pronounced effects on gut microbiome development and selection of antimicrobial …

The global incidence of numerous immune-mediated, metabolic, neurodegenerative, and
psychiatric diseases is steadily increasing [1–3]. The increased morbidity of human …

Background Pathogen infections seriously affect host health, and the use of antibiotics
increases the risk of the emergence of drug-resistant bacteria and also increases …

The intestine harbours a complex array of microorganisms collectively known as the gut
microbiota. The past two decades have witnessed increasing interest in studying the gut …