Abstract China's Mars rover, Zhurong, touched down on Utopia Planitia in the northern
lowlands of Mars (109.925° E, 25.066° N) in May 2021, and has been conducting in situ …

Measurements of Martian emission and reflection reveal wide variations of surface
properties and indicate the presence of a larger atmospheric contribution to the observed …

As the largest basin on Mars, Utopia Planitia has both experienced and recorded variations
of the Martian palaeoclimate. Layered subsurface structures have been identified by ground …

High-resolution altimetric data define the detailed topography of the northern lowlands of
Mars, and a range of data is consistent with the hypothesis that a lowland-encircling …

We deal here primarily with the surface meteorological data for both Viking landers during
the nominal missions (44 sols for lander 1 and 61 sols for lander 2). The diurnal patterns of …

The Antarctic Dry Valleys (ADV) are generally classified as a hyper-arid, cold-polar desert.
The region has long been considered an important terrestrial analog for Mars because of its …

Several types of Martian impact craters have been recognized. The most common type, the
rampart crater, is distinctively different from lunar and Mercurian craters. It is typically …

The structure of Mars' atmosphere was measured in situ by instruments on board the two
Viking landers from an altitude of 120 km to near the surface. The two entries were …

Wind friction threshold speeds (u* t) for particle movement (saltation) were determined in a
wind tunnel operating at martian surface pressure with a 95 percent CO2 and 5 percent air …

Experiments were conducted in a Mars simulation chamber (MSC) to characterize the
survival of endospores of Bacillus subtilis under high UV irradiation and simulated martian …