Plants have evolved several adaptive strategies through physiological changes in response
to herbivore attacks. Plant secondary metabolites (PSMs) are synthesized to provide …

Precise allocation of limited resources between growth and defense is critical for plant
survival. In shade-intolerant species, perception of competition signals by informational …

The brown planthopper, Nilaparvata lugens, is a pest that threatens rice (Oryza sativa)
production worldwide. While feeding on rice plants, planthoppers secrete saliva, which plays …

The brown planthopper (BPH) is the most notorious pest of rice (Oryza sativa). Studies of
rice–BPH interaction have contributed to development of new rice varieties, offering an …

In an environment with changing availability and quality of host plants, phytophagous
insects are under selection pressure to find quality hosts. They need to maximize their …

The molecular interactions between a pest and its host plant are the consequence of an
evolutionary arms race based on the perception of the phytophagous arthropod by the plant …

Silicon as a defence against herbivory in grasses has gained increasing recognition and
has now been studied in a wide range of species, at scales from individual plants in pots to …

Self-incompatibility (SI) mechanisms prevent self-fertilization in flowering plants based on
specific discrimination between self-and non-self pollen. Since this trait promotes …

Plants have evolved distinct defense strategies in response to a diverse range of chewing
and sucking insect herbivory. While chewing insect herbivores, exemplified by caterpillars …

In natural ecosystems, plants interact with biotic components such as microbes, insects,
animals and other plants as well. Generally, researchers have focused on each interaction …