The brain harbors a unique ability to, figuratively speaking, shift its gears. During
wakefulness, the brain is geared fully toward processing information and behaving, while …

We review theoretical and numerical models of the glymphatic system, which circulates
cerebrospinal fluid and interstitial fluid around the brain, facilitating solute transport. Models …

The glymphatic movement of fluid through the brain removes metabolic waste,,–.
Noninvasive 40 Hz stimulation promotes 40 Hz neural activity in multiple brain regions and …

Macrophages are important players in the maintenance of tissue homeostasis. Perivascular
and leptomeningeal macrophages reside near the central nervous system (CNS) …

In the past decade, evidence for a fluid clearance pathway in the central nervous system
known as the glymphatic system has grown. According to the glymphatic system concept …

Throughout the body, lymphatic fluid movement supports critical functions including
clearance of excess fluid and metabolic waste. The glymphatic system is the analog of the …

Accumulation of tau has been implicated in various neurodegenerative diseases termed
tauopathies. Tau is a microtubuleassociated protein but is also actively released into the …

The glymphatic system is a network of perivascular spaces that promotes movement of
cerebrospinal fluid (CSF) into the brain and clearance of metabolic waste. This fluid …

The central nervous system is lined by meninges, classically known as dura, arachnoid, and
pia mater. We show the existence of a fourth meningeal layer that compartmentalizes the …

The blood vessels vascularizing the central nervous system exhibit a series of distinct
properties that tightly control the movement of ions, molecules, and cells between the blood …