The word “limonoids” originated from the bitterness of lemon or other citrus fruit. Structurally,
limonoids are formed by loss of four terminal carbons of the side chain in the apotirucallane …

Limonoids are the most distinctive secondary metabolites of the plant order Rutales. Recent
work has established a wide range of biological activities for these compounds, including …

Friedman WE, RC Moore, and MD Purugganan. 2004. The evolution of plant development.
Am. J. Bot. 91: 1726–1741. Friis EM, PR Crane, and KP Pedersen. 1997. Fossil history of …

An analysis of rbcL sequence data for representatives of families of putative
sapindalean/rutalean affinity identified a robust clade of core “sapindalean” taxa that is sister …

Trees or shrubs, sometimes scandent, rarely herbs, sometimes spiny or aculeate, usually
(but not in all Cneoroideae) with schizogenous (mostly pellucid) glands containing volatile …

Primarily known only by the edible fruits of Citrus, Rutaceae comprise a large (c. 160 genera
and 1900 species), morphologically diverse, cosmopolitan family. Of its extraordinary array …

The tree of heaven, Ailanthus altissima (mill.) swingle, is a globally invasive plant known to
secrete allelopathic metabolites called quassinoids. Quassinoids are highly modified …

The Meliaceae family is rich sources of limonoid (meliacin), which are well know for their
antifeedant activity and bitterness. Although their existence also could be found in Rutaceae …

Thirty-four species representing all subfamilies and tribes of the Rutaceae Juss. were
included in phylogenetic analyses that utilize six molecular data sets from five chloroplast …

The neem tree, Azadirachta indica, produces a plethora of triterpenoids. One of these is
azadirachtin, a complex compound with powerful insecticidal properties. The biosynthesis of …