Ore deposits in the Balkan Peninsula were intensively mined for silver and other metals in
the Roman and medieval periods. Coinage mainly issued by tribal groups between the early …

Silver played a key role in the progressive monetization of early Mediterranean civilizations.
We combine Pb and Ag isotopes with volatile trace elements (Bi, Sb, and As) to assess …

Abstract The Romanian Carpathians host some of the richest base and precious metal
deposits in Europe. The existing lead isotopic data for Romania covered almost exclusively …

This study reports the high-precision silver (Ag) isotopic compositions of the dominant Ag-
bearing mineral (galena) in the representative Zhaxikang polymetallic deposit, which …

The elemental analysis of ancient gold items in the context of provenance studies in
archaeology and history may characterize metallic stocks and highlight metal circulation in a …

Hacksilber facilitated trade and transactions from the beginning of the second millennium
BCE until the late fourth century BCE in the southern Levant. Here we demonstrate the use …

While lead isotopes serve to determine potential ore provenance, silver isotopes help
evaluate if a specific ore flagged by Pb isotopes has actually been exploited as a silver …

This technological and provenance analysis of metal artifacts from a unique Viking-age
hoard found in Piaski-Dramino (NW Poland) reveals an expansive trade network. Particular …

Local types of coinage testify to the emerging use of silver in the Balkan interior, possibly
related to abundant ore deposits in the region. Here, we present Pb isotope data for silver …

This study identifies the lead ores used to produce lead artifacts used by the Romans
between the first and eighth centuries AD during the construction of the fort and then the …