Cathelicidins are short cationic peptides that are part of the innate immune system. At first,
these peptides were studied mostly for their direct antimicrobial killing capacity, but …

The Nucleotide-binding domain leucine-rich repeat and pyrin domain containing receptor 3
(NLRP3), a member of the nucleotide-binding oligomerization domain (NOD) like receptors …

The toll‐like receptor (TLR) family consists of vital receptors responsible for pattern
recognition in innate immunity, making them the core proteins involved in pathogen …

Dock family proteins are evolutionary conserved exchange factors for the Rho GTPases Rac
and Cdc42. There are 11 Dock proteins in mammals, named Dock1 (or Dock180) to Dock11 …

The receptor for advanced glycation end products (RAGE) is a member of the
immunoglobulin family that is overexpressed in several cancers. RAGE is highly expressed …

The decreased number of viable bacteria and the ability of Bifidobacterium to adhere to and
colonize the gut in the gastrointestinal environment greatly limit their efficacy. To solve this …

Toll-like receptors (TLRs) have long been known for their ability to initiate innate immune
responses upon exposure to conserved microbial components such as lipopolysaccharide …

Pancreatic cancer (PC) is one of the most lethal forms of cancer, characterized by its
aggressiveness and metastatic potential. Despite significant improvements in PC treatment …

IL‐6 is a pleiotropic cytokine increased in CRC and known to directly promote tumor growth.
Colonic myofibroblasts/fibroblasts (CMFs or stromal cells) are CD90+ innate immune cells …

IntroductionToll-like receptors (TLRs) are evolutionarily conserved pattern recognition
molecules. Since the discovery of the Toll pathway cascade (1, 2), our knowledge about the …