Evapotranspiration (ET)—the distribution and partitioning of which is strongly mediated by
vegetation—is central to the water, energy and carbon cycles. In this Review, we examine …

Climate change has been partially mitigated by an increasing net land carbon sink in the
terrestrial biosphere; understanding the processes that drive this sink is thus essential for …

Vegetation change can alter surface energy balance and subsequently affect the local
climate. This biophysical impact has been well studied for forestation cases, but the sign and …

Terrestrial ecosystems are essential for food and water security and CO2 uptake. Ecosystem
function is dependent on the availability of soil moisture, yet it is unclear how climate change …

Soil hydrological processes (SHP) support ecosystems, modulate the impact of climate
change on terrestrial systems and control feedback mechanisms between water, energy and …

Despite the growing interest in predicting global and regional trends in vegetation
productivity in response to a changing climate, changes in water constraint on vegetation …

Global land water underpins livelihoods, socioeconomic development, and ecosystems. It
remains unclear how water availability has changed in recent decades. Using an ensemble …

Drylands are an essential component of the Earth System and are among the most
vulnerable to climate change. In this Review, we synthesize observational and modelling …

Anthropogenic climate change is decreasing seasonal snowpacks globally, with potentially
catastrophic consequences on water resources, given the long-held reliance on snowpack …

Physics is a field of science that has traditionally used the scientific method to answer
questions about why natural phenomena occur and to make testable models that explain the …