This narrative review seeks to examine the relationships between bacterial microbiomes
and infectious disease. This is achieved by detailing how different human host microbiomes …

Background & Aims Over the last decade, clinical experiences and research studies raised
concerns regarding use of proton pump inhibitors (PPIs) as part of the diagnostic strategy for …

Background Dupilumab, a fully human monoclonal antibody, blocks interleukin-4 and
interleukin-13 signaling, which have key roles in eosinophilic esophagitis. Methods We …

Background Dupilumab is a human monoclonal antibody that blocks interleukin-4 and
interleukin-13 pathways and has shown efficacy in five different atopic diseases marked by …

Coordinated cell interactions within the esophagus maintain homeostasis, and disruption
can lead to eosinophilic esophagitis (EoE), a chronic inflammatory disease with poorly …

Background Empirical elimination diets are effective for achieving histological remission in
eosinophilic oesophagitis, but randomised trials comparing diet therapies are lacking. We …

Background & Aims Eosinophilic esophagitis (EoE) is an allergen-mediated inflammatory
disease with no approved treatment in the United States. Dupilumab, a VelocImmune …

Adverse food reactions include immune-mediated food allergies and non-immune-mediated
intolerances. However, this distinction and the involvement of different pathogenetic …

A previous guideline on cow's milk allergy (CMA) developed by the European Society of
Paediatric Gastroenterology, Hepatology and Nutrition (ESPGHAN) was published in 2012 …

Background Long-term management options that specifically target the underlying
inflammation in eosinophilic oesophagitis are needed. Dupilumab blocks the shared …