Introduction Under specific conditions, a weak lead stimulus, or “prepulse”, can inhibit the
startling effects of a subsequent intense abrupt stimulus. This startle-inhibiting effect of the …

The N-methyl-d-aspartate receptor (NMDAR) hypofunction hypothesis has been proposed to
help understand the etiology and pathophysiology of schizophrenia. This hypothesis was …

In recent years, there have been huge advances in the use of genetically modified mice to
study pathophysiological mechanisms involved in schizophrenia. This has allowed rapid …

The research of the glutamatergic system in schizophrenia has advanced with the use of
non-competitive antagonists of glutamate NMDA receptors (phencyclidine, ketamine, and …

Despite enormous efforts employing various approaches, the molecular pathology in the
schizophrenia brain remains elusive. On the other hand, the knowledge of the association …

Mutant mouse models related to schizophrenia have been based primarily on the
pathophysiology of schizophrenia, the known effects of antipsychotic drugs, and candidate …

There is growing evidence implicating the glutamate system in the pathophysiology and
treatment of mood and anxiety disorders. Glutamatergic neurotransmission is mediated by …

Tyrosine hydroxylase (Th) expression has previously been reported in Purkinje cells (PCs)
of rodents and humans, but its role in the regulation of behavior is not understood …

Background Studies in humans and nonhuman primates have identified a region of the
dentate nucleus of the cerebellum, or the lateral cerebellar nucleus (LCN) in rodents …

NMDA receptors (NMDARs) are thought to be tetrameric assemblies composed of NR1 and
at least one type of NR2 subunit. The identity of the NR2 subunit (NR2A,-B,-C,-D) is critical in …