Abstract Changes in DNA methylation in cancer have been heralded as promising targets
for the development of powerful diagnostic, prognostic, and predictive biomarkers. Despite …

Damaged cells at risk of neoplastic transformation can be neutralized by apoptosis or
engagement of the senescence program, which induces permanent cell-cycle arrest and a …

Genes constitute only a small proportion of the total mammalian genome, and the precise
control of their expression in the presence of an overwhelming background of noncoding …

The discovery of numerous hypermethylated promoters of tumour–suppressor genes, along
with a better understanding of gene–silencing mechanisms, has moved DNA methylation …

DNA methylation patterns are set up early in mammalian development and are then copied
during the division of somatic cells. A long-established model for the maintenance of these …

DNA methylation in mammals is required for embryonic development, X chromosome
inactivation and imprinting. Previous studies have shown that methylation patterns become …

The methylation of CpG islands is often equated with transcriptional inactivity and there is
overwhelming evidence that this is the case for islands located in gene promoters. Such …

Urothelial carcinoma of the bladder is unique among epithelial carcinomas in its divergent
pathways of tumorigenesis. Low-grade papillary tumours rarely become muscle-invasive …

Within 2–3 months of in vitro culture‐expansion, mesenchymal stromal cells (MSC) undergo
replicative senescence characterized by cell enlargement, loss of differentiation potential …

Almost 1-2% of the human genome is located within 500 bp of either side of a transcription
initiation site, whereas a far larger proportion (≈ 25%) is potentially transcribable by …