Continual learning of large language models: A comprehensive survey

H Shi, Z Xu, H Wang, W Qin, W Wang, Y Wang… - ar** review
X Meng, X Yan, K Zhang, D Liu, X Cui, Y Yang… - Iscience, 2024 - cell.com
This study systematically reviewed the application of large language models (LLMs) in
medicine, analyzing 550 selected studies from a vast literature search. LLMs like ChatGPT …

A survey of large language models

WX Zhao, K Zhou, J Li, T Tang, X Wang, Y Hou… - arxiv preprint arxiv …, 2023 - arxiv.org
Language is essentially a complex, intricate system of human expressions governed by
grammatical rules. It poses a significant challenge to develop capable AI algorithms for …

The TRIPOD-LLM reporting guideline for studies using large language models

J Gallifant, M Afshar, S Ameen, Y Aphinyanaphongs… - Nature Medicine, 2025 - nature.com
Large language models (LLMs) are rapidly being adopted in healthcare, necessitating
standardized reporting guidelines. We present transparent reporting of a multivariable …

Evaluating the ChatGPT family of models for biomedical reasoning and classification

S Chen, Y Li, S Lu, H Van, HJWL Aerts… - Journal of the …, 2024 - academic.oup.com
Abstract Objective Large language models (LLMs) have shown impressive ability in
biomedical question-answering, but have not been adequately investigated for more specific …

A complete survey on llm-based ai chatbots

SK Dam, CS Hong, Y Qiao, C Zhang - arxiv preprint arxiv:2406.16937, 2024 - arxiv.org
The past few decades have witnessed an upsurge in data, forming the foundation for data-
hungry, learning-based AI technology. Conversational agents, often referred to as AI …

Artificial intelligence chatbots for the nutrition management of diabetes and the metabolic syndrome

F Naja, M Taktouk, D Matbouli, S Khaleel… - European Journal of …, 2024 - nature.com
Background Recently, there has been a growing interest in exploring AI-driven chatbots,
such as ChatGPT, as a resource for disease management and education. Objective The …

Large language model use in clinical oncology

N Carl, F Schramm, S Haggenmüller, JN Kather… - NPJ Precision …, 2024 - nature.com
Large language models (LLMs) are undergoing intensive research for various healthcare
domains. This systematic review and meta-analysis assesses current applications …

Cognitive biases and artificial intelligence

J Wang, DA Redelmeier - NEJM AI, 2024 - ai.nejm.org
Generative artificial intelligence (AI) models are increasingly utilized for medical
applications. We tested whether such models are prone to human-like cognitive biases …

Evaluation of the reliability and readability of ChatGPT-4 responses regarding hypothyroidism during pregnancy

CE Onder, G Koc, P Gokbulut, I Taskaldiran… - Scientific reports, 2024 - nature.com
Hypothyroidism is characterized by thyroid hormone deficiency and has adverse effects on
both pregnancy and fetal health. Chat Generative Pre-trained Transformer (ChatGPT) is a …