Applying human concepts of self-awareness to animals often lacks anchoring in biologically
meaningful contexts. We advocate a new, modular framework of self-representation …

The purpose of this chapter is to provide some tentative welfare range estimates and to
explain how we generated them. Again, assuming hedonism, we've proposed that the task …

The minds of cephalopods have captivated scientists for millennia, yet the extent that we can
understand their subjective experiences remains contested. In this article, we consider the …

Billions of animals across many taxa are extensively farmed, with critical impacts on animal
welfare. Societal efforts to reduce animal suffering lack rigorous and systematic approaches …

Recently, ghost crabs (Ocypode quadrata) were shown to exhibit behavior consistent with
passing the mark test, which implies the capacity for self-recognition. Considering this, it …

This literature review explores the survival skills of octopuses and examines their connection
to levels of consciousness. Octopuses are creatures known to have higher levels of …

The human nervous system is a beautiful and complex network of cells working together to
supervise bodily functions, a wide repertoire of behaviours and enable higher reasoning. It …

Het menselijk zenuwstelsel is een prachtig en complex netwerk van cellen die
samenwerken om toezicht te houden op lichaamsfuncties, een breed repertoire aan …

The higher classification of Gastropoda, with a special focus on Caenogastropoda, is
presented as an alternative to the relatively unresolved classification currently available in …