What can be expected in normal aging, and where does normal aging stop and pathological
neurodegeneration begin? With the slow progression of age-related dementias such as …

Currently, over five million Americans suffer with Alzheimer's disease (AD). In the absence of
a cure, this number could increase to 13.8 million by 2050. A critical goal of biomedical …

Neurodegenerative disorders affect more than fifty million Americans each year and
represent serious health threats as the population ages. Neuroinflammation and oxidative …

During the past century, treatments for the diseases of youth and middle age have helped
raise life expectancy significantly. However, cognitive decline has emerged as one of the …

The structure of the brain is constantly changing from birth throughout the lifetime, meaning
that normal aging, free from dementia, is associated with structural brain changes. This …

There are declines with age in speed of processing, working memory, inhibitory function,
and long-term memory, as well as decreases in brain structure size and white matter …

Brain aging research relies mostly on cross-sectional studies, which infer true changes from
age differences. We present longitudinal measures of five-year change in the regional brain …

In this review, we report on studies that have assessed the effects of exogenous and
endogenous increases in stress hormones on human cognitive performance. We first …

Memory decline in aging results from multiple factors that influence both executive function
and the medial temporal lobe memory system. In advanced aging, frontal-striatal systems …

There is marked variability in both onset and rate of episodic-memory decline in aging.
Structural magnetic resonance imaging studies have revealed that the extent of age-related …