The search for evidence of extraterrestrial life in our Solar System is currently guided by our
understanding of terrestrial biology and its associated biosignatures. The observed …

Earth has been habitable for 4.3 billion years, and the earliest rock record indicates the
presence of a microbial biosphere by at least 3.4 billion years ago—and disputably earlier …

Mastcam-Z is a multispectral, stereoscopic imaging investigation on the Mars 2020 mission's
Perseverance rover. Mastcam-Z consists of a pair of focusable, 4: 1 zoomable cameras that …

We describe the history and features of the Ladder of Life Detection, a tool intended to guide
the design of investigations to detect microbial life within the practical constraints of robotic …

In this work we discuss various selected mission concepts addressing Venus evolution
through time. More specifically, we address investigations and payload instrument concepts …

Abstract The Raman Laser Spectrometer (RLS) on board the ESA/Roscosmos ExoMars
2020 mission will provide precise identification of the mineral phases and the possibility to …

Abstract The Mars Organic Molecule Analyzer (MOMA) instrument onboard the
ESA/Roscosmos ExoMars rover (to launch in July, 2020) will analyze volatile and refractory …

The European Space Agency (ESA) and Roscosmos ExoMars mission will launch the
“Rosalind Franklin” rover in 2022 for a landing on Mars in 2023. The goals of the mission are …

Return of samples from the surface of Mars has been a goal of the international Mars
science community for many years. Affirmation by NASA and ESA of the importance of Mars …

A crewed mission to and from Mars may include an exciting array of enabling
biotechnologies that leverage inherent mass, power, and volume advantages over …