The diversity of organismic form has evolved nonuniformly during the history of life.
Quantitative morphological studies reveal profound changes in evolutionary rates …

Echinoderms are a major group (phylum) of invertebrate animals with a rich fossil record
stretching back to the Cambrian period, approximately 518 million years ago. While all …

The first edition of Geometric Morphometrics for Biologists has been the primary resource for
teaching modern geometric methods of shape analysis to biologists who have a stronger …

Adaptive radiation is the evolution of diversity within a rapidly multiplying lineage. It can
cause a single ancestral species to differentiate into an impressively vast array of species …

The pace of phenotypic diversification during adaptive radiation should decrease as
ecological opportunity declines. We test this prediction using phylogenetic comparative …

Morphological and taxonomic diversity each provide insight into the expansion and
contraction of major biological groups, while the nature of the relationship between these …

The notion that complexity increases in evolution is widely accepted, but the best‐known
evidence is highly impressionistic. Here I propose a scheme for understanding complexity …

Two methods are discussed for assessing the contributions of subgroups to the
morphological disparity of the larger group containing them.(1) Given an ordination of points …

There are few putative macroevolutionary trends or rules that withstand scrutiny. Here, we
test and verify the purported tendency for animal clades to reach their maximum …

The distribution of organic forms is clumpy at any scale from populations to the highest
taxonomic categories, and whether considered within clades or within ecosystems. The …