Abstract Coronavirus disease 2019 (COVID-19) caused by severe acute respiratory
syndrome coronavirus 2 (SARS-CoV-2) has been a global public health emergency since …

Influenza viruses, since time immemorial, have been the major respiratory pathogen known
to infect a wide variety of animals, birds and reptiles with established lineages. They belong …

Game animals are wildlife species traded and consumed as food and are potential
reservoirs for SARS-CoV and SARS-CoV-2. We performed a meta-transcriptomic analysis of …

Influenza B viruses (IBVs) circulate annually along with influenza A (IAV) strains during
seasonal epidemics. IBV can dominate influenza seasons and cause severe disease …

Influenza remains one of the most significant public health threats due to its ability to cause
high morbidity and mortality worldwide. Although understanding of influenza viruses has …

Abstract Background Influenza A Viruses (IAV) are endemic pathogens of significant
concern in humans and multiple keystone livestock species. Widespread morbidity in swine …

Influenza D virus (IDV) is a newly described influenza type of the Orthomyxoviridae virus
family that was first isolated from diseased swine in 2011 and has subsequently been …

In contrast to influenza A viruses, which have been investigated extensively, influenza B
viruses have attracted relatively little attention. However, influenza B viruses are an …

This year, in 2018, we mark 100 years since the 1918 influenza pandemic. In the last 100
years, we have expanded our knowledge of public health and increased our ability to detect …

ABSTRACT Introduction Influenza B viruses (IBV) cause a significant health and economic
burden annually. Due to lower antigenic drift rate, less extensive antigenic diversity, and lack …