Abstract Toll/IL-1R domain-containing adaptor-inducing IFN-β (TRIF)-dependent signaling is
required for TLR-mediated production of type-I IFN and several other proinflammatory …

Globally, over 500 million people are chronically infected with the hepatitis B virus (HBV) or
hepatitis C virus (HCV). These chronic infections cause liver inflammation, and may result in …

Background & Aims Liver macrophages can be involved in both pathogen clearance and/or
pathogenesis. To get further insight on their role during chronic hepatitis B virus (HBV) …

The role of adaptive immune responses in the control of hepatitis B virus (HBV) infection is
well accepted. The contribution of innate immune responses to the viral control is …

Chronic hepatitis B virus (HBV) infection is a dynamic process involving interactions among
HBV, hepatocytes, and the host immune system. The natural course of chronic hepatitis B …

Immune defense against infection with the hepatitis B virus (HBV) is complex and involves
both host innate and adaptive immune systems. It is well accepted that the development of …

It is well accepted that adaptive immunity plays a key role in the control of hepatitis B virus
(HBV) infection. In contrast, the contribution of innate immunity has only received attention in …

Accumulating evidences suggest that Toll-like receptors (TLRs) were involved in the
pathophysiology of major depressive disorder. TLR4 was thought to be associated with …

Chronic hepatitis B virus (HBV) infection remains a major global health problem. The
immunopathology of the disease, especially the interplay between HBV and host innate …

The immunopathogenesis and molecular mechanisms involved during a hepatitis B virus
(HBV) infection have made the approaches for research complex, especially concerning the …