High-stakes examinations enjoy widespread use as summative assessments in higher
education. We review the arguments for and against their use, across seven common …

Testing students on information that they do not know might seem like a fruitless endeavor.
After all, why give anyone a test that they are guaranteed to fail because they have not yet …

Responsive teaching promotes students' mathematical reasoning and positive attitudes
toward mathematics. Due to the complexity of the work of teaching, preservice teachers …

This article explores relevant applications of educational theory for the design of immersive
virtual reality (VR). Two unique attributes associated with VR position the technology to …

The advantages offered by natural language processing (NLP) and machine learning
enable students to receive automated feedback on their argumentation skills, independent …

In peer instruction, instructors pose a challenging question to students, students answer the
question individually, students work with a partner in the class to discuss their answers, and …

While large language models (LLMs) have shown remarkable effectiveness in various NLP
tasks, they are still prone to issues such as hallucination, unfaithful reasoning, and toxicity. A …

As students learn biology at different levels of education, their tenacious and inaccurate prior
conceptions pose a challenge to conceptual change. Educators and researchers have …

Self-regulation, a social-cognitive process at the intersection of metacognition, motivation,
and behavior, encompasses how people conceptualize, strive for, and accomplish their …

Events that conform to our expectations, that is, are congruent with our world knowledge or
schemas, are better remembered than unrelated events. Yet events that conflict with …