Here we advance the physical background of the energy-and flux-budget turbulence
closures based on the budget equations for the turbulent kinetic and potential energies and …

Turbulence and the associated turbulent transport of scalar and vector fields is a classical
physics problem that has dazzled scientists for over a century, yet many fundamental …

The energy-and flux-budget (EFB) theory developed previously for atmospheric stably
stratified turbulence is extended to the surface layer in atmospheric convective turbulence …

We advance our prior energy-and flux-budget (EFB) turbulence closure model for stably
stratified atmospheric flow and extend it to account for an additional vertical flux of …

Recently, observational and numerical evidence has accumulated against the concept of a
critical Richardson number Ri cr beyond which too-stable stratification would extinguish …

The energy and flux budget (EFB) closure theory for a passive scalar (non-buoyant and non-
inertial particles or gaseous admixtures) is developed for stably stratified turbulence. The …

The dissipation rates of the basic second-order moments are the key parameters playing a
vital role in turbulence modelling and controlling turbulence energetics and spectra and …

Most geophysical flows encompass turbulence and internal and/or Rossby waves. We
demonstrate that these two different classes of waves cause remarkably similar anomalies in …

We study experimentally temperature fluctuations in stably stratified forced turbulence in air
flow. In the experiments with an imposed vertical temperature gradient, the turbulence is …

Abstract The Energy-and Flux Budget (EFB) turbulence closure theory for the atmospheric
surface layers in convective and stably stratified turbulence has been developed using …