Many patients with obstructive sleep apnea (OSA) experience excessive daytime sleepiness
(EDS), which can negatively affect daily functioning, cognition, mood, and other aspects of …

Key Points Treatment Approaches to Insomnia Insomnia is common, and it frequently occurs
when other medical, psychiatric, and other sleep disorders are present. Persistent insomnia …

Sleep problems are widely prevalent and associated with various comorbidities including
anxiety. Valerian (Valeriana officinalis L.) is a popular herbal medicine used as a sleep aid …

Profound and debilitating fatigue is the most common complaint reported among individuals
with autoimmune disease, such as systemic lupus erythematosus, multiple sclerosis, type 1 …

The development of alcohol use disorder (AUD) involves binge or heavy drinking to high
levels of intoxication that leads to compulsive intake, the loss of control in limiting intake, and …

Non-rapid eye movement (NREM) sleep, characterized by slow-wave electrophysiological
activity, underlies several critical functions, including learning and memory. However, NREM …

Disturbances of the sleep-wake cycle are highly prevalent and diverse. The aetiology of
some sleep disorders, such as circadian rhythm sleep-wake disorders, is understood at the …

The manifestations of chronic insomnia undergo age-related changes. In younger infants
and children, behavioral insomnia emerges as the most prevalent form and typically …

Background Lewy body dementia (LBD) refers to both dementia with Lewy bodies (DLB)
and Parkinson's disease with dementia (PDD). Sleep disturbances are common in LBD, and …

Acetylcholine is a neurotransmitter and neuromodulator involved in a variety of cognitive
functions. Additionally, acetylcholine is involved in the regulation of REM sleep: cholinergic …