Plants employ numerous cell-surface and intracellular immune receptors to perceive a
variety of immunogenic signals associated with pathogen infection and subsequently …

Plants have evolved a repertoire of monitoring systems to sense plant morphogenesis and
to face environmental changes and threats caused by different attackers. These systems …

The aboveground parts of terrestrial plants, collectively called the phyllosphere, have a key
role in the global balance of atmospheric carbon dioxide and oxygen. The phyllosphere …

Stomata exert considerable effects on global carbon and water cycles by mediating gas
exchange and water vapour,. Stomatal closure prevents water loss in response to …

INTRODUCTION Nucleotide-binding (NB), leucine-rich repeat (LRR) receptor (NLR)
proteins constitute a family of intracellular immune receptors in both animals and plants that …

Plants solely rely on innate immunity of each individual cell to deal with a diversity of
microbes in the environment. Extracellular recognition of microbe‐and host damage …

Xanthomonas oryzae pv. oryzae (Xoo), the causal agent of bacterial blight of rice, employs
the transcription activator-like effectors (TALEs) to induce the expression of the OsSWEET …

Adverse variations of abiotic environmental cues that deviate from an optimal range impose
stresses to plants. Abiotic stresses severely impede plant physiology and development …

Highlights•NADPH oxidases are major enzymes synthesizing ROS in the apoplast.•NADPH
oxidases are information processing center for diverse signal inputs.•Stomatal movement …

Endophytic fungi infect plant tissues by evading the immune response, potentially
stimulating stress-tolerant plant growth. The plant selectively allows microbial colonization to …