Angiogenesis is involved in physiological and pathological processes in the body. Tumor
angiogenesis is a key factor associated with tumor growth, progression, and metastasis …

The heat shock protein 90 (Hsp90) is a molecular chaperone and a key regulator of
proteostasis under both physiological and stress conditions. In mammals, there are two …

The target of rapamycin (TOR), as part of the rapamycin‐sensitive TOR complex 1 (TORC1),
regulates various aspects of protein synthesis. Whether TOR functions in this process as part …

Nitric oxide (NO) is one of the most pleiotropic signaling molecules at systemic and cellular
levels, participating in vascular tone regulation, cellular respiration, proliferation, apoptosis …

The vascular and the nervous system are responsible for oxygen, nutrient, and information
transfer and thereby constitute highly important communication systems in higher …

Idiopathic pulmonary fibrosis (IPF) is a severe fibrotic lung disease associated with fibroblast
activation that includes excessive proliferation, tissue invasiveness, myofibroblast …

Vascular endothelial cells (VECs) are an integral component of the inner lining of blood
vessels, and their functions are essential for the proper functioning of the vascular system …

Hypoxia is a common feature of solid tumors, which controls multiple aspects of cancer
progression. One important function of hypoxia and the hypoxia-inducible factors (HIF) is the …

Abstract Heat shock protein 90 (HSP90) is a highly conserved molecular chaperone that
facilitates the maturation of a wide range of proteins, and it has been recognized as a crucial …

Alzheimer's disease (AD) is a pervasive neurodegenerative disorder that disproportionately
affects women. Since neural anatomy and disease pathophysiology differ by sex …