Tumor cells do not exist in isolation in vivo, and carcinogenesis depends on the surrounding
tumor microenvironment (TME), composed of a myriad of cell types and biophysical and …

Cancer is the leading cause of death worldwide, and its treatment and outcomes have been
dramatically revolutionised by targeted therapies. As the most frequently mutated oncogene …

To flourish, cancers greatly depend on their surrounding tumor microenvironment (TME),
and cancer-associated fibroblasts (CAFs) in TME are critical for cancer occurrence and …

Oncogenic KRAS mutations are the most frequent mutations in human cancer, but most
difficult to target. While sustained proliferation caused by oncogenic KRAS-downstream …

Background & Aims Tumor-microenvironment factors and cancer stem cells (CSCs) play a
critical role in the aggressiveness of pancreatic cancer (PC). However, the degree to which …

Chemokines are a group of about 50 chemotactic cytokines crucial for the migration of
immune system cells and tumor cells, as well as for metastasis. One of the 20 chemokine …

RAS and MYC rank amongst the most commonly altered oncogenes in cancer, with RAS
being the most frequently mutated and MYC the most amplified. The cooperative interplay …

Kirsten rats sarcoma viral oncogene (KRAS), the first discovered human oncogene, has long
been recognized as “undruggable”. KRAS mutations frequently occur in multiple human …

Multiple lines of evidence are indicating that cancer development and malignant
progression are not exclusively epithelial cancer cell-autonomous processes but may also …

In humans, Interleukin-8 (IL-8 or CXCL8) is a granulocytic chemokine with multiple roles
within the tumor microenvironment (TME), such as recruiting immunosuppressive cells to the …