Directed evolution aims to expedite the natural evolution process of biological molecules
and systems in a test tube through iterative rounds of gene diversifications and library …

Metabolic engineering aims to improve the production of economically valuable molecules
through the genetic manipulation of microbial metabolism. While the discipline is a little over …

Multiplexed CRISPR technologies, in which numerous gRNAs or Cas enzymes are
expressed at once, have facilitated powerful biological engineering applications, vastly …

Ontogeny describes the emergence of complex multicellular organisms from single
totipotent cells. This field is particularly challenging in mammals, owing to the indeterminate …

Saccharomyces cerevisiae is an increasingly attractive host for synthetic biology because of
its long history in industrial fermentations. However, until recently, most synthetic biology …

Metabolic engineering aims to develop efficient cell factories by rewiring cellular
metabolism. As one of the most commonly used cell factories, Saccharomyces cerevisiae …

With rapid progress in DNA synthesis and sequencing, strain engineering starts to be the
rate-limiting step in synthetic biology. Here, we report a gRNA-tRNA array for CRISPR-Cas9 …

Improvements in DNA synthesis and sequencing have underpinned comprehensive
assessment of gene function in bacteria and eukaryotes. Genome-wide analyses require …

Designing an optimal microbial cell factory often requires overexpression, knock-down, and
knock-out of multiple gene targets. Unfortunately, such rewiring of cellular metabolism is …

Actinobacteria, particularly those of genus Streptomyces, remain invaluable hosts for the
discovery and engineering of natural products and their cognate biosynthetic pathways …