Maladaptive changes in the neural circuits associated with reward and aversion result in
some common symptoms, such as drug addiction, anxiety, and depression. Historically, the …

Drug relapse is a big clinical challenge in the treatment of addiction, but its neural circuit
mechanism is far from being fully understood. Here, we identified a novel cholinergic …

Recent research suggest that some non-coding RNAs (ncRNAs) are important regulators of
chromatin dynamics and gene expression in nervous system development and neurological …

Drug relapse is a big clinic challenge in the treatment of addiction, but its neural circuit
mechanism is far from fully understood. Here, we identified a novel cholinergic pathway from …

Correspondence to: Tetsuhisa Kitamura, MD, MSc, DrPH Division of Environmental
Medicine and Population Sciences Department of Social Medicine Graduate School of …