Digit ratio (2D: 4D) and congenital adrenal hyperplasia (CAH): Systematic literature review and meta-analysis

G Richards, WV Browne, E Aydin… - Hormones and …, 2020 - Elsevier
The ratio of length between the second and fourth fingers (2D: 4D) is commonly used as an
indicator of prenatal sex hormone exposure. Several approaches have been used to try to …

A meta-analysis of the association between male dimorphism and fitness outcomes in humans

LH Lidborg, CP Cross, LG Boothroyd - Elife, 2022 - elifesciences.org
Humans are sexually dimorphic: men and women differ in body build and composition,
craniofacial structure, and voice pitch, likely mediated in part by developmental testosterone …

The mismeasure of hands?

M Leslie - 2019 - science.org
The mismeasure of hands? | Science Skip to main content news careers commentary
Journals Science brought to you byGoogle Indexer Log in Become A Member journal-menu-img …

Digit ratio (2D: 4D) and maternal testosterone-to-estradiol ratio measured in early pregnancy

G Richards, E Aydin, A Tsompanidis, E Padaigaitė… - Scientific reports, 2022 - nature.com
The ratio of index to ring finger (2D: 4D) has been hypothesised to indicate prenatal
androgen exposure, yet evidence for its validity is lacking. We report the first pre-registered …

Lower digit ratio and higher endogenous testosterone are associated with lower empathic accuracy

JP Nitschke, JA Bartz - Hormones and behavior, 2020 - Elsevier
Empathy is a cornerstone of human sociality. It has important consequences for our
interpersonal relationships and for navigating our social world more generally. Although …

Digit ratio (2D: 4D) and amniotic testosterone and estradiol: An attempted replication of Lutchmaya et al.(2004)

G Richards, WV Browne… - Journal of developmental …, 2021 - cambridge.org
The ratio of length between the second (index) and fourth (ring) fingers (digit ratio or 2D: 4D)
is frequently employed as a retrospective marker of prenatal sex hormone exposure …

Giftedness and atypical sexual differentiation: enhanced perceptual functioning through estrogen deficiency instead of androgen excess

K Sakaguchi, S Tawata - Frontiers in Endocrinology, 2024 - frontiersin.org
Syndromic autism spectrum conditions (ASC), such as Klinefelter syndrome, also manifest
hypogonadism. Compared to the popular Extreme Male Brain theory, the Enhanced …

Digit ratio, a proposed marker of the prenatal hormone environment, is not associated with prenatal sex steroids, anogenital distance, or gender-typed play behavior in …

E Barrett, SW Thurston, D Harrington… - … origins of health and …, 2021 - cambridge.org
Prenatal hormones have been proposed as key factors impacting child development as well
as long-term health and disease. Digit ratio (the ratio of the lengths of the second to fourth …

Digit ratio (2D: 4D) and handedness: A meta-analysis of the available literature

G Richards, SE Medland, AA Beaton - Laterality, 2021 - Taylor & Francis
ABSTRACT The Geschwind-Behan-Galaburda and sexual differentiation models predict an
association between elevated foetal androgen exposure and left-handedness whereas the …

Sexual dimorphism in titi monkeys' digit (2D: 4D) ratio is associated with maternal urinary sex hormones during pregnancy

A Baxter, EK Wood, LR Witczak… - Developmental …, 2020 - Wiley Online Library
The second‐to‐fourth digit (2D: 4D) ratio is a sexually‐dimorphic biomarker for prenatal sex
hormone exposure. We investigated whether titi monkeys (Plecturocebus cupreus) exhibit …