Abstract The PI3K/AKT/mTOR (PAM) signaling pathway is a highly conserved signal
transduction network in eukaryotic cells that promotes cell survival, cell growth, and cell …

Abstract The phosphatidylinositol 3-kinase (PI3K)/Akt pathway plays a crucial role in various
cellular processes and is aberrantly activated in cancers, contributing to the occurrence and …

Diabetes mellitus (DM) is a common multifactorial disease, causing various complications,
such as chronic metabolism. The current therapies for diabetes mellitus are commercial …

Oxidative stress, a term that describes the imbalance between oxidants and antioxidants,
leads to the disruption of redox signals and causes molecular damage. Increased oxidative …

Gastric cancer (GC) ranks fifth in global cancer diagnosis and fourth in cancer-related death.
Despite tremendous progress in diagnosis and therapeutic strategies and significant …

The altered metabolic programme of cancer cells facilitates their cell-autonomous
proliferation and survival. In normal cells, signal transduction pathways control core cellular …

The molecular mechanisms of cellular insulin action have been the focus of much
investigation since the discovery of the hormone 100 years ago. Insulin action is impaired in …

Abstract Phosphatidylinositol-3-kinase (PI3K)/AKT/mammalian target of rapamycin (mTOR)
signaling is one of the most important intracellular pathways, which can be considered as a …

Ubiquitination, an important type of protein posttranslational modification (PTM), plays a
crucial role in controlling substrate degradation and subsequently mediates the “quantity” …

Abstract PI3K/AKT/mTOR pathway is one of the most important signaling pathways involved
in normal cellular processes. Its aberrant activation modulates autophagy, epithelial …