Background Typhoid and paratyphoid fever remain important causes of morbidity worldwide.
Accurate disease burden estimates are needed to guide policy decisions and prevention …

Immunization is one of the most successful public health initiatives in recent times. It is,
therefore, worrying to learn the level of under-vaccination in Pakistan. Diseases that have …

Background Upcoming vaccination efforts against typhoid fever require an assessment of
the baseline burden of disease in countries at risk. There are no typhoid incidence data from …

Background No access to safe water is an important risk factor for typhoid fever, yet risk-level
heterogeneity is unaccounted for in previous global burden estimates. Since WHO has …

OBJECTIVE: To inform policy-makers about introduction of preventive interventions against
typhoid, including vaccination. METHODS: A population-based prospective surveillance …

Salmonella enterica serovar Typhi (S typhi), a Gram negative bacterium. A similar but often
less severe disease is caused by S paratyphi A and, less commonly, by S paratyphi B …

MICROBIOLOGY AND NOMENCLATURE The organisms that belong to the genus
Salmonella are motile, gram-negative, facultative anaerobic bacilli and are classified within …

Background Contemporary incidence estimates of typhoid fever are needed to guide policy
decisions and control measures and to improve future epidemiological studies. Methods We …

Background Children suffer the highest burden of enteric fever among populations in South
Asian countries. The clinical features are non–specific, vary in populations, and are often …

Background High rates of typhoid fever in children in urban settings in Asia have led to focus
on childhood immunization in Asian cities, but not in Africa, where data, mostly from rural …