Piezoelectric actuators have been extensively utilized as micro-displacement devices
because of their advantages of large output displacement, high sensitivity, and immunity to …

Abstract 3D printing of flexible piezoelectric composites (3D-FPCs) is increasingly attracting
the attention due to its unique advantage for customized smart applications. However …

Piezoceramic multilayer actuators (MLAs) offer remarkable advantages across various
cutting-edge applications, yet the inferior piezoelectric strain and the confined assessment …

Macro fibre composite (MFC) is widely used in aerospace drive and vibration. However,
traditional electric fatigue modelling cannot effectively predict ferroelectric fatigue. Therefore …

The ability of piezoelectric materials to convert mechanical energy into electric energy and
vice versa has made them desirable in the wide range of applications that oscillate from …

Piezoelectric materials are increasingly used in portable smart electronics and Internet of
Things sensors. Among them, piezoelectric macro fiber composites (MFCs) have attracted …

Abstract Lead-free Bi 0.5 Na 0.5 TiO 3-based ceramics are considered as ideal materials for
small actuators due to their high electric-field-induced strain, large driving force, and rapid …

Research activities on lead-free piezoelectric materials have been ongoing for over 20
years. Generally, the applicability of the main material families is less universal than that of …